Sunday, December 27, 2015

Changing to a different directory

cd (change directory)

The command cd directory means change the current working directory to 'directory'. The current working directory may be thought of as the directory you are in, i.e. your current position in the file-system tree.
To change to the directory you have just made, type
% cd unixstuff

Type ls to see the contents (which should be empty)

Making Directories

mkdir (make directory)

We will now make a subdirectory in your home directory to hold the files you will be creating and using in the course of this tutorial. To make a subdirectory called unixstuff in your current working directory type
% mkdir unixstuff
To see the directory you have just created, type

% ls 

Listing files and directories

ls (list)

When you first login, your current working directory is your home directory. Your home directory has the same name as your user-name, for example, ee91ab, and it is where your personal files and subdirectories are saved.
To find out what is in your home directory, type
% ls
The ls command ( lowercase L and lowercase S ) lists the contents of your current working directory.
Unix Terminal - running the ls command
There may be no files visible in your home directory, in which case, the UNIX prompt will be returned. Alternatively, there may already be some files inserted by the System Administrator when your account was created.
ls does not, in fact, cause all the files in your home directory to be listed, but only those ones whose name does not begin with a dot (.) Files beginning with a dot (.) are known as hidden files and usually contain important program configuration information. They are hidden because you should not change them unless you are very familiar with UNIX!!!
To list all files in your home directory including those whose names begin with a dot, type
% ls -a
As you can see, ls -a lists files that are normally hidden.
Unix Terminal - running the ls command

ls is an example of a command which can take options: -a is an example of an option. The options change the behaviour of the command. There are online manual pages that tell you which options a particular command can take, and how each option modifies the behaviour of the command

Linux Command

alias    Create an alias •
  apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
  apt-get  Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
  aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
  aspell   Spell Checker
  awk      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
  basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames
  bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell 
  bc       Arbitrary precision calculator language 
  bg       Send to background
  break    Exit from a loop •
  builtin  Run a shell builtin
  bzip2    Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
  cal      Display a calendar
  case     Conditionally perform a command
  cat      Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
  cd       Change Directory
  cfdisk   Partition table manipulator for Linux
  chgrp    Change group ownership
  chmod    Change access permissions
  chown    Change file owner and group
  chroot   Run a command with a different root directory
  chkconfig System services (runlevel)
  cksum    Print CRC checksum and byte counts
  clear    Clear terminal screen
  cmp      Compare two files
  comm     Compare two sorted files line by line
  command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
  continue Resume the next iteration of a loop •
  cp       Copy one or more files to another location
  cron     Daemon to execute scheduled commands
  crontab  Schedule a command to run at a later time
  csplit   Split a file into context-determined pieces
  curl     Transfer data  from or to a server
  cut      Divide a file into several parts
d
  date     Display or change the date & time
  dc       Desk Calculator
  dd       Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
  ddrescue Data recovery tool
  declare  Declare variables and give them attributes •
  df       Display free disk space
  diff     Display the differences between two files
  diff3    Show differences among three files
  dig      DNS lookup
  dir      Briefly list directory contents
  dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
  dirname  Convert a full pathname to just a path
  dirs     Display list of remembered directories
  dmesg    Print kernel & driver messages 
  du       Estimate file space usage
e
  echo     Display message on screen •
  egrep    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
  eject    Eject removable media
  enable   Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
  env      Environment variables
  ethtool  Ethernet card settings
  eval     Evaluate several commands/arguments
  exec     Execute a command
  exit     Exit the shell
  expect   Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
  expand   Convert tabs to spaces
  export   Set an environment variable
  expr     Evaluate expressions
f
  false    Do nothing, unsuccessfully
  fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
  fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux
  fg       Send job to foreground 
  fgrep    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
  file     Determine file type
  find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
  fmt      Reformat paragraph text
  fold     Wrap text to fit a specified width.
  for      Expand words, and execute commands
  format   Format disks or tapes
  free     Display memory usage
  fsck     File system consistency check and repair
  ftp      File Transfer Protocol
  function Define Function Macros
  fuser    Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
  gawk     Find and Replace text within file(s)
  getopts  Parse positional parameters
  grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
  groupadd Add a user security group
  groupdel Delete a group
  groupmod Modify a group
  groups   Print group names a user is in
  gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
  hash     Remember the full pathname of a name argument
  head     Output the first part of file(s)
  help     Display help for a built-in command •
  history  Command History
  hostname Print or set system name
  htop     Interactive process viewer
i
  iconv    Convert the character set of a file
  id       Print user and group id's
  if       Conditionally perform a command
  ifconfig Configure a network interface
  ifdown   Stop a network interface 
  ifup     Start a network interface up
  import   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
  install  Copy files and set attributes
  ip       Routing, devices and tunnels
j
  jobs     List active jobs •
  join     Join lines on a common field
k
  kill     Kill a process by specifying its PID
  killall  Kill processes by name
l
  less     Display output one screen at a time
  let      Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
  link     Create a link to a file 
  ln       Create a symbolic link to a file
  local    Create variables •
  locate   Find files
  logname  Print current login name
  logout   Exit a login shell •
  look     Display lines beginning with a given string
  lpc      Line printer control program
  lpr      Off line print
  lprint   Print a file
  lprintd  Abort a print job
  lprintq  List the print queue
  lprm     Remove jobs from the print queue
  ls       List information about file(s)
  lsof     List open files
m
  make     Recompile a group of programs
  man      Help manual
  mkdir    Create new folder(s)
  mkfifo   Make FIFOs (named pipes)
  mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
  mknod    Make block or character special files
  more     Display output one screen at a time
  most     Browse or page through a text file
  mount    Mount a file system
  mtools   Manipulate MS-DOS files
  mtr      Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
  mv       Move or rename files or directories
  mmv      Mass Move and rename (files)
n
  nc       Netcat, read and write data across networks
  netstat  Networking information
  nice     Set the priority of a command or job
  nl       Number lines and write files
  nohup    Run a command immune to hangups
  notify-send  Send desktop notifications
  nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
  open     Open a file in its default application
  op       Operator access 
p
  passwd   Modify a user password
  paste    Merge lines of files
  pathchk  Check file name portability
  ping     Test a network connection
  pkill    Kill processes by a full or partial name.
  popd     Restore the previous value of the current directory
  pr       Prepare files for printing
  printcap Printer capability database
  printenv Print environment variables
  printf   Format and print data •
  ps       Process status
  pushd    Save and then change the current directory
  pv       Monitor the progress of data through a pipe 
  pwd      Print Working Directory
q
  quota    Display disk usage and limits
  quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
  quotactl Set disk quotas
r
  ram      ram disk device
  rar      Archive files with compression
  rcp      Copy files between two machines
  read     Read a line from standard input •
  readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
  readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
  reboot   Reboot the system
  rename   Rename files
  renice   Alter priority of running processes 
  remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
  return   Exit a shell function
  rev      Reverse lines of a file
  rm       Remove files
  rmdir    Remove folder(s)
  rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
  screen   Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
  scp      Secure copy (remote file copy)
  sdiff    Merge two files interactively
  sed      Stream Editor
  select   Accept keyboard input
  seq      Print numeric sequences
  set      Manipulate shell variables and functions
  sftp     Secure File Transfer Program
  shift    Shift positional parameters
  shopt    Shell Options
  shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
  sleep    Delay for a specified time
  slocate  Find files
  sort     Sort text files
  source   Run commands from a file '.'
  split    Split a file into fixed-size pieces
  ssh      Secure Shell client (remote login program)
  stat     Display file or file system status 
  strace   Trace system calls and signals
  su       Substitute user identity
  sudo     Execute a command as another user
  sum      Print a checksum for a file
  suspend  Suspend execution of this shell •
  sync     Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
  tail     Output the last part of file
  tar      Store, list or extract files in an archive
  tee      Redirect output to multiple files
  test     Evaluate a conditional expression
  time     Measure Program running time
  timeout  Run a command with a time limit
  times    User and system times
  touch    Change file timestamps
  top      List processes running on the system
  tput     Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position
  traceroute Trace Route to Host
  trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
  tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
  true     Do nothing, successfully
  tsort    Topological sort
  tty      Print filename of terminal on stdin
  type     Describe a command •
u
  ulimit   Limit user resources •
  umask    Users file creation mask
  umount   Unmount a device
  unalias  Remove an alias •
  uname    Print system information
  unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
  uniq     Uniquify files
  units    Convert units from one scale to another
  unrar    Extract files from a rar archive 
  unset    Remove variable or function names
  unshar   Unpack shell archive scripts
  until    Execute commands (until error)
  uptime   Show uptime
  useradd  Create new user account
  userdel  Delete a user account
  usermod  Modify user account
  users    List users currently logged in
  uuencode Encode a binary file 
  uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
v
  v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
  vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
  vi       Text Editor
  vmstat   Report virtual memory statistics
w
  wait     Wait for a process to complete •
  watch    Execute/display a program periodically
  wc       Print byte, word, and line counts
  whereis  Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
  which    Search the user's $path for a program file
  while    Execute commands
  who      Print all usernames currently logged in
  whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
  wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
  write    Send a message to another user 
x
  xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
  xdg-open Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
  xz       Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
  yes      Print a string until interrupted
  zip      Package and compress (archive) files.
  .        Run a command script in the current shell
  !!       Run the last command again
  ###      Comment / Remark

Thursday, December 24, 2015

Reset Internet Explorer settings

1. Open Internet Explorer and click on the "gear" icon (at the top right corner of Internet Explorer).
Internet Explorer settings reset clicking on gear icon
2. Select "Internet Options".
Internet Explorer settings reset clicking on Internet options
3. In the opened window select the "Advanced" tab.
Internet Explorer settings reset Internet options advanced tab
4. In the "Advanced" options screen click on the "Reset" button.
Internet Explorer settings reset button
5. In the opened window check the Delete personal settings box and confirm that you want to reset your Internet Explorer settings to default by clicking on a "Reset" button.
Internet Explorer confirm settings reset
6. Restart your Internet Explorer for changes to take effect.


How to Reset Firefox to its Default State

Click on the Menu option, and select the blue Help icon located at the bottom of the page:

Select the menu option that reads Restart with Add-ons Disabled:

A small menu will appear, asking you if you would like to Start in Safe Mode or Reset Firefox. Click on the Reset Firefox option:

Follow the onscreen procedure to restore your Firefox to its original settings:

Reset browser settings(Chrome)

After you have removed malicious programs from your computer, reset your Chrome browser settings. Your bookmarks and passwords won't change, but you'll need to customize things like your startup page, search engine, and browser theme again.

  1. In the top-right corner of the browser window, click the Chrome menu Chrome menu.
  2. Select Settings.
  3. At the bottom, click Show advanced settings.
  4. Under the section "Reset settings," click Reset settings.
  5. In the dialog that appears, click Reset.

Monday, December 21, 2015

DRDB0112WBTS - DR4100 Introduction and Sales Overview v2 0813



1. Which of the following is not considered a key function of the DR4100?
inline deduplication
replication
disruptive deployment
protocol support
2. What percentage of all data is stored on PC desktops or laptop computers, according to a recent study by Small Business Computing?
54%
60%
65%
80%
3. As a technology, ___________ is about reducing and or eliminating redundant pieces of data
rehydration
deduplication
replication
backup
4. Which of the following is not a factor in the DR4100 Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)?
it scales up in physical storage capacity
it reduces the backup storage costs
it has all-inclusive licensing
it is a digital storage device
5. Which of the following best completes the statement? The DR4100 is _______________ dedicated to data deduplication for backups.
a software solution
a hardware appliance
a combination of a hardware and software solution
a virtual software solution
6. Which role is not considered a potential target persona for the DR4100?
IT Manager
Backup Administrator
Database Administrator
Financial Analyst
7. Which is not a benefit of the DR4100 for backup and recovery?
handles large data growth
provides data protection
provides a network firewall
keeps backup and storage costs low
8. With disk based expansion, the DR4100 can have up to ______ GB of raw usable capacity
2.7 TB
27 TB
8.1 TB
81 TB
9. Which of the following is not a key feature of the DR4100?
backup
deduplication
compression
security
10. What percentage of business data loss is due to human-induced disasters, as reported by the Association of Information Technology Professionals?
75%
99%
26%
80%

Dell Tech Driect Exam 2015 Dell™ Training for Dell™ Chromebook 11

1.
The Dell Chromebook 11 does not consist of ePSA, Dell BIOS or F12 menu. All diagnostics are dependent on the Google Chrome OS. CROSH Test is used to run diagnostics. What is the command used to for a more complete list of commands for debugging purposes?



help

Ctrl + M

help_advanced

Ctrl + M + T
2.You suspect a possible memory failure. What memory test should be run to verify the failure?
 Press Ctrl + Alt + T. Type memory_test 
Press Ctrl + Alt + D. Type memory_test 
Press Ctrl + M. Type memory_test 
Run the ePSA Diagnostics Test
3.What is the purpose of RMA Shim to be carried out in Dell Chromebook 11 after any electrical parts being replaced?
  To ensure the parts replacement passes the diagnostics, enumerates the Hardware ID and re-installs the OS 
To ensure the LCD Display brightness and contrast is at optimal level 
To ensure the processor ID is matched with the memory ID
 To register new License Key for Chrome OS
4.Where can you obtain the RMA Shim utilities files to run the process?
  When creatinge a dispatch for Chromebook in Tech Direct webpage
 Dell Support website
 Request from Dell Technical Support agent
 Tech Direct main login page
5.What parts are NOT required to run RMA Shim process after replacing the parts in Dell Chromebook 11? (Select all that apply.)
  SSD
 SD Memory Card
 WLAN Card
 Battery
 System Board
 Bottom Cover
6.It is recommended that the Fan module is removed before sliding and remove the WLAN card from its slot. The reason is due to space constraints between the WLAN card and Fan module. True or False?
  True
 False
7.If you found the Dell Chromebook Keyboard is faulty and need to be replaced, what is the part you will request Dell Technical Support agent to dispatch?
  Palmrest Assembly
 System Board only
 LCD Assembly
 Keyboard only
8.Dell Chromebook 11 LCD Display is blank. You have tried to plug in AC Adapter and restart the Chromebook by holding down until the device turns off then turning it back on again. What is the next step of testing before requesting for hardware replacement?
  Run ePSA test
 Reset or Recover the Chromebook 
Press ESC key two times
 Press F12 during system starts up
9.What is the command to run a battery test by using CROSH on the web browser?
  diag_battery 
     battery_test
  battery_diagnostics 
  test_battery
10.What will be the issue when the Status LED light located at the front right of the Chromebook is blinking amber?
  AC Powered, charge level less that 97% charging
 AC Powered, charge level higher that 97%
 Battery powered, charge level less that 10%
 Battery Error

PowerEdge M620 Blade Server

Processor

    • Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 and E5-2600 v2 product families

      Internal Interconnect:
      Intel® QuickPath Interconnect (QPI): 6.4 GT/s; 7.2 GT/s; 8.0 GT/s

      Cache:2.5MB per core;

      Core options:4, 6, 8, 10, 12

Operating System

  • Microsoft® Windows Server® 2012
    Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (includes Hyper-V®)
    Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, x64 (includes Hyper-V)
    Novell® SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server
    Red Hat® Enterprise Linux®
    Virtualization options:
    Citrix® XenServer®
    VMware® vSphere® ESXi™
    Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization®

Chipset

  • Intel C602

Memory2

  • Up to 768GB (24 DIMM slots) 2GB/4GB/8GB/16GB/32GB DDR3 up to 1866MT/s

    Up to 1.5TB (24 DIMM slots): 64GB DDR3 LRDIMM up to 1600MT/s (with Intel Xeon processor E5-2600 v2 product family only)

Storage

  • Hot-plug hard drive options:
    Up to two 2.5” PCIe SSD, SATA HDD/SSD, or SAS HDD/SSD
    Maximum internal storage:
    Up to 2.4TB with 2 x 2.5” SAS (10K) 1.2TB hard drives
    USB Ports:
    2 front, 1 internal

I/O Mezzanine Card Options

  • Dell Select Network Adapter (NDC) options:Broadcom® 57810S-k dual-port 10Gb KR blade NDC
    Broadcom 57840 quad-port KR blade converged NDC
    Intel X520-k dual-port 10Gb KR blade NDC
    QLogic® QMD8262-k dual-port 10Gb NDC

    Fibre channel:
    QLogic QME2662 (FC16)
    Emulex LPm16002B-D (FC16)
    QLogic QME2572 (FC8)
    Emulex® LPe1205-M (FC8)

    1Gb/10Gb adapters:
    Brocade® BR1741M-k dual-port 10Gb CNA
    QLogic QME8262-k dual-port 10Gb KR CNA
    Broadcom 57810S-k dual-port 10Gb KR
    Intel Ethernet X520-K dual-port 10Gb
    Intel I350 quad-port 1Gb
    Broadcom 5719 quad-port 1Gb
    Mellanox ConnectX-3 dual-port 10GbE KR blade 

    InfiniBand:
    Mellanox® ConnectX®-3 dual-port FDR10
    Mellanox ConnectX-3 dual-port FDR
    Mellanox ConnectX-3 dual-port QDR

RAID Controllers

  • Internal controllers:
    PERC S110 (SW RAID)
    PERC H310
    PERC H710
    PERC H710P

Communications

  • Two internal SD cards dedicated for hypervisor
    One dedicated for vFlash media support

Power

  • Supplied by Dell PowerEdge M1000e Blade Enclosure

    Form Factor:Half-height blade

    Enclosure:
    Dell™ PowerEdge™ M1000e Blade Enclosure

Graphics Card

  • Integrated Matrox® G200

Management

Remote management 
iDRAC7 with Lifecycle Controller for Blades (default), iDRAC7 Enterprise with Lifecycle Controller (upgrade option) 

Systems management
IPMI 2.0 compliant 
Dell OpenManage™ Essentials 
Dell OpenManage Power Center 
Dell OpenManage integrations and Connections: 
• OpenManage Integration Suite for Microsoft® System Center
• OpenManage Integration for VMware® vCenter™
• HP Operations Manager, IBM Tivoli® Netcool®, and CA Network and Systems Management

Domain Controller

As defined by Microsoft, in Active Directory server roles, computers that function as servers within a domain can have one of two roles: member server or domain controller. Abbreviated as DC, domain controller is a server on a Microsoft Windows or Windows NT network that is responsible for allowing host access to Windows domain resources. The domain controllers in your network are the centerpiece of your Active Directory directory service.  It stores user account information, authenticates users and enforces security policy for a Windows domain.

Wednesday, December 16, 2015

Defference between Cross Cable and Straight Cable

Straight Cable
Usually use straight cable to connect different type of devices. This type of cable will be used most of the time and can be used to:
1) Connect a computer to a switch/hub's normal port.
2) Connect a computer to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port.
3) Connect a router's WAN port to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port.
4) Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's uplink port. (Normally used for expanding network)
5) Connect two switches/hubs with one of the switch/hub using an uplink port and the other one using normal port.
If you need to check how straight cable looks like, it's easy. Both sides (side A and side B) of cable have wire arrangement with same color.

Crossover Cable
Sometimes you will use crossover cable, it's usually used to connect same type of devices. A crossover cable can be used to:
1) Connect two computers directly.
2) Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's normal port. (Normally used for expanding network)
3) Connect two switches/hubs by using normal port in both switches/hubs.
In you need to check how crossover cable looks like, both side (side A and side B) of cable have wire arrangement with following different color.
This cable (either straight cable or cross cable) has total 8 wires (or we can say lines), i.e. four twisted pairs (4x2=8) with different color codes. Right now just forget about color codes. It doesn’t matter what color is given to the cable (but there is a standard).
In straight cable connectivity is like as follows
RJ451 Connected to RJ452
Pin1------------------------------------- Pin1
Pin2------------------------------------- Pin2
Pin3------------------------------------- Pin3
Pin4------------------------------------- Pin4
Pin5------------------------------------- Pin5
Pin6------------------------------------- Pin6
Pin7------------------------------------- Pin7
Pin8------------------------------------- Pin8

In cross cable connectivity is like as follows
RJ451 Connected to RJ452
Pin1------------------------------------- Pin3
Pin2------------------------------------- Pin6
Pin3------------------------------------- Pin1
Pin4------------------------------------- Pin4
Pin5------------------------------------- Pin5
Pin6------------------------------------- Pin2
Pin7------------------------------------- Pin7
Pin8------------------------------------- Pin8

Purpose of this cross cable is RX (receiving terminal) connects to TX (transmitting) of one pc to another PC and vice versa.
As we use two PCs (same devices), straight cable will connect TX to TX and RX to RX of two computers, so cross cable is required. If you use HUB or switch, then straight cable will work because it has internal arrangement like cross cable. So note that use cross cable to connect two similar devices.
A straight cable will not work to connect two computers together.
Crossover used to connect to PCs directly together, also used for connecting networking devices together like Switch to Switch etc.
Straight cables connect two DIFFERENT types of devices. Whereas crossover cables connect two of the SAME type

Now do this (if possible): connect cross cable between switch and PC and see what happens..!